The Constitution of India has recognized tribal communities in India under ‘Schedule 5’ of the constitution. Hence the tribes recognized by the Constitution are known as ‘ Scheduled Tribes’. There are around 645 distinct tribes in India.
Census 2011
the Scheduled Tribes account for 104 million, so 8.6% of the country’s population belongs to ST. These Scheduled Tribes are spread throughout the country largely in forest and hilly regions.
- The characteristics of these communities are:-
- Primitive Traits
- Shy of contact with community
- Geographical isolation
- Distinct culture
- Economically backwards
- As in the case of the SCs, the Plan objective of empowering the tribals is being achieved through a three-pronged strategy of social empowerment, economic empowerment and social justice.
Scheme for Protection and Preservation of Endangered Languages (SPPEL)
- It was instituted by Ministry of Human Resource Development (Government of India) in 2013.
- The sole objective of the Scheme is to document and archive the country’s languages that have become endangered or likely to be endangered in the near future.
- The scheme is monitored by Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL) located in Mysuru, Karnataka.
- University Grants Commission (UGC) provides financial assistance for creation of centres for endangered languages at Central and State Universities to undertake research projects.
Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL)
- Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL) was established in 1969.
- It is under the administrative control of Ministry of Human Resource Development.
Purpose
- To coordinate the development of Indian Language.
- To bring about the essential unity of Indian languages through scientific studies.
- Promote interdisciplinary research.
- Contribute to mutual enrichment of languages and contribute towards emotional integration of the people of India.
- protects and documents minor, minority and tribal languages.
- जमात राज्य
- अबोर=अरुणाचल प्रदेश
- आपातनी=अरुणाचल प्रदेश
- आओ=नागाल्यांड
- अंगामी=नागाल्यांड
- कोल=छत्तीसगढ
- कोटा=तामिळनाडू
- मुंडा=झारखंड
- कोलाम=आंध्रप्रदेश
- छुतीया=आसाम
- चेंचू=आंध्रप्रदेश
- गारो=मेघालय, आसाम, नागाल्यांड
- बैगा=छत्तीसगढ,झारखंड
- भिल्ल=राजस्थान, छत्तीसगढ
- बदगा=निलगिरी पर्वत तामिळनाडू
- भोट=हिमाचल प्रदेश
- लेपचा=सिक्कीम
- वारली=महाराष्ट्र
- चकमा=त्रिपुरा
- गड्डी=हिमाचल प्रदेश
- जयंती=मेघालय
- बोदो=आसाम
- खासी=आसाम, मेघालय, नागाल्यांड
- गोंड=महाराष्ट्र, झारखंड, छत्तीसगढ
- लुशिया=त्रिपुरा
- मोपला=केरळ
- भुतिया=उत्तरांचल
- जारवा=छोटे अंदमान
- कुकी=मणिपूर
- कुरुख=झारखंड,ओरीसा
- अका,मिश्मी,=अरुणाचल प्रदेश
- डाफला=अरुणाचल प्रदेश
- कोरबा=छत्तीसगड, महारष्ट्र
- हो=छोटानागपूर
- मुरीया=बस्तर छोटा नागपूर
- संथाल=वीरभूम, झारखंड
- गुज्जर=हिमाचल प्रदेश
- खोंड=ओरिसा
- मिकिर=आसाम
- उरली=केरळ
- मीना=राजस्थान
- ओरेओन=पश्चिम बंगाल, झारखंड
- तोडा=निलगिरी पर्वत तामिळनाडू